requestId:684aed91187b53.20130817.
Another discussion on the evaluation and assessment of the Wei Dynasty’s mid-term authenticity review and assessment
Author: Zhang Xuhua (professed by Zhengzhou Major History Institute, doctoral supervisor, the purpose of the discussion is the history of the Wei Dynasty, Southern and Northern Dynasties)
Source: “History Collection” Issue 2, 2019
Time: Confucius was in the 2570s and November 17th of Jihai The Sun Guiwei
Jesus December 12, 2019
Content summary: During the Wei Dynasty, a family member’s moral conduct and political talents could only receive correct evaluations from the clan party discussions. This is the main assessment of the Zhongzheng Party members. The Zhongzheng Assessment Division can be divided into two categories: one is the registrar design and setting, and the other is the component regulations and requests. The assessment methods include three years of must-have, detailed monthly information exchanges in Luoyang, a Beijing teacher, and a variety of situations, including the evaluation of the Zhongzheng’s personal tastes in the county. Through the above assessment methods, on the one hand, the daily life and moral evaluation of family members are linked to the clan party, and on the other hand, the clan party discussions are linked to the national official selection system. The three are closely together, becoming the main way for Wei Dynasty to assess and select talents.
Keywords: Wei Han/China Authentic Product Review/Clan Party Comment/Three-year Must-Made
Fund Item: National Social Science Fund Project “Research on Selection System and Operation Mechanism of the Ministry of Personnel of the Southern and Northern Dynasties” (17BZS008).
1. Proposing problems
During the two periods, the clan and town party discussions had a major impact on the national official selection system. At that time, whether it was filial piety and honest or scholars, they all had to evaluate the opinions of the village party discussions, so it was called “country selection” in history. Wei Han implemented the nine-rank Zhongzheng system, but still followed the old rules of the Han Dynasty. “The Book of the Book of the Imperial Book of the Nine Chronicles” recounts the original creation of the Nine Chronicles: “After the Wei family inherited the unrestrained power, the people moved, and there was no land in detail, so the system of the Nine Chronicles was established, which was rough and the foundation for selection. It was originally created. The Qing Dynasty of the Township was not limited to titles, and the Praise Network was added as a guide, and it had the style of the countryside.”① In this case, after the great chaos at the end of the Han Dynasty, because the people were displaced, the system of the Nine Chronicles was established. Zhongzheng evaluates the country, evaluates the country, and evaluates the local figure Yan Heng’s superiority and inferiority, so as to use this as the basis for the Ministry of Personnel to select officials. Since the beginning of the ninth-grade Zhongzheng system, the Zhongzheng evaluation talents “have a sense of the style of the country”, japan (Japanese) scholar Katsuki Ichishikari, according to the term “Qingyi Pian” published in Volume 64 of “Hui Ji Badao Zizhi”, called the ninth-grade Zhongzheng’s “country product” and ② believed that “Zhongzheng’s evaluation must reflect the country review”, and proposed the famous “country product and reputation” on this basis.The four-rank rank difference in the body and the quality of the body is different. ③ After the establishment of Miyazaki City, Kawasaki Yoshio also believed that: “The nine-rank zhongzheng system is based on the rural structure formed by the common people, and its construction is based on the common countryside as a condition”; “Zhongzheng refers to the countryside and sets the local people’s items. The Central Bureau adopted these figures as officials and awarded official positions based on their ranks. ”④ Based on the theory that Zhongzheng Dingzhi must evaluate the country, for this social governance method of selecting talents, Kawasaki Teachers called it “country theory”. ⑤ Tanikawa Daoyu also became a view of Miyazaki City, believing that “the official position level given through the country is based on the high or low evaluation in the country.” He also pointed out: “The country under the implementation of the ninth-rank official law is often only the evaluation of people within the noble clan level. However, between the famous family and the people of the country at that time, the trend of the country was not interrupted. From this kind of country relationship, it was found that at that time the basic social structure was the cooperation of the rich. ”⑥
From the above statement, we can see that jaBaobao.compan (Japanese) scholars generally believe that after the establishment of the ninth-grade Zhongzheng tree, the evaluation and assessment of Zhongzheng were different, namely, “Zhongzheng’s evaluation must reflect the evaluation of the town”, “Zhongzheng refers to the township and sets the township for the items of local people”, and then builds the “country theory of Kawasaki Yoshihiro based on the above-mentioned discussions. “Theory and the “cooperational discussion of the rich family” by Tanikawa. However, the research results of japan (Japanese) scholars have aroused doubts among Chinese scholars. For example, Professor Chen Changqi pointed out that the township is “not a scientific concept” and “under the nine-rank Zhongzheng system, the power of the evaluation is in the hand of Zhongzheng, and it does not matter to the party.” ⑦ Professor Zhu Qibin also pointed out: “The word “阿” used for a long time seems inappropriate. …Because the “country rank” and “country rank” were not really evaluated by the town, but by the Zhongzheng official, and with the agreement of the Situ Mansion, the actual determination of the “official rank” comes from the same source, and they are all feudal dynasties. And the “country product” will naturally lead to the wrong view of the common people’s evaluation of the product. “Therefore, the main force called the products determined by Zhongzheng as “character”.⑧ Regarding the relationship between the town and the town, the author also expressed his opinions, believing that “the first name of the authenticity of Zhongzheng is the ‘country’, and the meaning of Zhongzheng in charge of the township discussion is to evaluate the talents and determine the nine grades.” And, The original Chinese authentic product is called “country product”. It is suitable for people’s habitual usage at that time, and is also close to the original meaning of Zhongzheng’s assessment of the country and the final product. It can be said that it is a both abstract, straightforward and simple and elegant name. ⑨ From this, the relationship between “country product and country” has been confirmed. However, the review is BreedingIn the past academic history, due to lack of historical materials and attention angles, some problems are still confused. For example, what are the assessment standards for Zhongzheng’s party members during the Wei Dynasty? Is these assessment standards necessarily related to Zhongzheng’s assessment of the countryside? What are the discussions for Zhongzheng’s assessment of the countryside?method? How to deal with the development and changes in Zhongzheng’s assessment country? Wait, these questions need to be deeply studied in a step-by-step manner. To this end, this article discusses the discussion on the evaluation and assessment of the mid-term authentic product in the Wei Dynasty from the perspective of combining clan history and clan history, in order to promote the discussion of this problem.
2. Zhongzheng’s assessment standards for party members
The daily lives of scholars in Wei and Han at the end of Han were closely related to clan and villages. Personal behavior, ethics, morality and talent were the focus of the party discussions. The evaluation of clan and town discussions had a great impact on the scholars’ path to advance and the promotion of officials. It was the main preface and official margin for rural people to enter the national right level. Therefore, the three aspects of scholars’ conduct, clan discussion and national selection system are closely related. Among them, the influence caused by clan party discussions cannot be underestimated. Teacher Changru, Tang Changru, once pointed out: “The selection system of Donghan is based on the Qing Dynasty of the Township, while the Qing Dynasty of the Township is based on the Confucian morality”; “At the same time, the valve industry has been established at the end of the Yangtze River, and the contact between the family is extremely close, and filial piety is the basic morality of the family, and the important standard of the Qing Dynasty of the Township is also The moral behaviors between the family are “filial piety” and “fraternity” and “fraternity”, so the practice of filial piety has strict social requests and enthusiastic encouragement. This moral standard is based on the so